California is on the verge of becoming the first state in the U.S. to ban six synthetic food dyes from being used in foods served at public schools.
The new legislation, known as the California School Food Safety Act (AB 2316), has passed the state legislature and is awaiting Governor Gavin Newsom’s signature.
If signed into law, the ban will go into effect on December 31, 2027, targeting specific dyes linked to behavioral issues in children.
The law would apply to all public schools serving kindergarten through 12th grade, affecting more than 6 million students across 10,000 schools.
The bill would ban the use of:
- Red Dye No. 40
- Yellow Dyes No. 5 and 6
- Blue Dyes No. 1 and 2
- Green Dye No. 3
These dyes have been linked to hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral problems in some children, according to reporting from California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA).
Why the Ban?
AB 2316, introduced by Assembly member Jesse Gabriel, is based on growing concerns about the negative effects of synthetic food dyes, particularly on children with ADHD or other behavioral conditions. Multiple studies have found that food dyes can increase hyperactivity, decrease attention spans, and lead to other behavioral issues, particularly in sensitive children.
Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these dyes for use, their last evaluations date back decades, and current science suggests a need for re-assessment. For instance:
- Red Dye No. 40 was last evaluated in 1971.
- Yellow Dye No. 5 was first approved in 1931 and reaffirmed in 1969.
- Blue Dye No. 1 hasn’t been reviewed since 1969.
How This Ban Could Affect National Legislation in the Future
The FDA claims that the majority of children do not experience adverse effects from consuming foods with artificial dyes, but does acknowledge evidence suggesting some children appear to be sensitive to them.
Considering that the rates of ADHD and other behavioral issues have steadily been increasing, the number of children who may be sensitive to these dyes may also be going up.
The agency is also working on a public meeting to further review its process for post-market assessments of chemicals in food.
If Governor Newsom signs the bill, it could spark a national movement toward reevaluating food safety standards for children. Similar legislation has already been introduced in other states, and California’s large economy could push manufacturers to adjust their recipes to comply with the new law.
In Europe, many of these dyes are either banned or require warning labels on packaging in order to signal their potential to negatively affect children’s health.
What’s Next for the Bill?
Governor Gavin Newsom has until the end of September to sign or veto the bill.
If signed, the ban would take effect on December 31, 2027.
While the ban would apply to foods served or sold at public schools, it does not prohibit students from bringing food containing these dyes from home. Fundraising activities involving food containing the dyes are also exempt.
What You Can Do
For parents and caregivers concerned about the effects of synthetic food dyes on their children’s behavior or overall health, here are some practical steps to reduce exposure:
1. Read Ingredient Labels: Check food packaging and avoid products that list Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2, or Green 3.
2. Choose Organic: Organic foods certified by the USDA cannot contain synthetic dyes so it may be helpful to opt for organic snacks and meals when possible.
3. Swap Processed Foods for Whole Foods: Many processed foods contain artificial dyes, especially brightly colored snacks and beverages like candy, ice pops, and sodas. Consider replacing these with fresh fruits and vegetables.
4. Offer Alternatives: Instead of cutting out certain foods entirely, offer healthier substitutes. For example, use homemade fruit juice pops instead of store-bought ones with artificial colors. It’s much easier to keep track of ingredients on things you make yourself.
5. Educate Your Children: Depending on your child’s age and disposition, considering teaching kids about the importance of nutrition and how certain chemicals can affect their bodies. Involving them in making food choices can help them understand why avoiding certain ingredients is beneficial and empower them to take their longterm health into their own hands. Just be mindful about the way in which you communicate, careful not to foster disordered eating.
